![]() ![]() It is important to help addicted persons to connect with their image of their ideal future self, and restore their self-worth. However, change is sometimes set in motion when they can believe that a better life is possible for them, and that they are worth this change for the better. They often find themselves in a very deprived situation, with very little means to change their lives. The image on the front visualizes the situation many chronic substance dependent people face. ![]() This insight into the importance of normative self-control became apparent during the longitudinal qualitative interviews I had with people dependent on alcohol, opioids and amphetamines. We need to look at their self-concept and narrative understanding as well because this determines whether they will use their capacities. We cannot judge whether someone has impaired self-control solely by looking at the capacities they possess. However, the current theories are incomplete because they largely stay silent on how normative agency is impaired in addiction. I will argue that the current theories provide very valuable information on many of the challenges substance users face when exercising intentional or instrumental self-control. I propose a hierarchical account that shows how the current, seemingly conflicting, theories on addiction and self-control relate to each other. In this thesis I examine the various ways in which self-control can be impaired in addiction, and how self-control can be restored. Addiction is often seen as synonymous with losing self-control. ![]()
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